Integrated Marketing Communications Mix for Renees Chocolate

Abstract The contemporary markets are dynamic due to increase in competition and the change in the environment. New entities are constituted varying from miniature businesses to global multinationals. Moreover, leaders spend significant proportions of resources in marketing using a collection of techniques, which are modern and up-to date.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Integrated Marketing Communications Mix for Renee’s Chocolate specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These arrays from simple methodologies such as billboards to intricate strategies like websites. With such abundance in the availability of media, it is worthwhile to choose the information, which ought to be communicated to the buyers. It is important to denote the techniques that aid in making such communication comprehensible and reliable to enhance wide coverage. Introduction â€Å"Integrated Marketing Communications† (IMC) en tails conceptions that guarantee linking companies forms of communication and messages. IMC aims to incorporate all promotional tools by a firm to ensure they work in synchronization. This paper aims to discuss IMC mix utilized by Reese’s Chocolate towards attaining successful market penetration for its products. Diverse aspects of Reese’s Chocolate IMC including Promotion Mix Strategy (PMS) together with message strategy gain attention in this paper. Overview of IMC IMC means communications progression, which includes planning, establishing, incorporating, and execution of different forms of marketing and communication (Mercer, 1996). These entail promotions, awareness releases, and functions delivered periodically to a product’s targeted clients and prospects. Significantly, the objective of IMC entails complete influence on the behavior of targeted customers towards certain products. This tactic judges all contact points customers have with Reese’s Cho colate products. This enable the company through its outsourced marketing companies discover possible channels for conveying messages. The company also identifies communication avenues relevant to prospective customers. Regularly, IMC strategy demands consistency in delivery of messages to customers. IMC also requires that customers form the beginning point for shaping the information and media, which best suits informing, attracting, and inducing deeds. Promotion Mix Strategy Notably, promotion entails communication tactics by marketers that updates, sways, and reminds probable customers of a brand in order to entice their opinion towards the brand. In Reese’s Chocolate, outsourced marketers Arnold Worldwide execute all the promotional activities in a bid to sustain market leadership. Promotional mix strategy entails the plans utilized by Arnold Worldwide for optimal engagement of most promotional mix constituents. Arnold Worldwide utilizes incorporated marketing tactics, in volving publicity, videos posted online, designing Reese’s website, and internet promotions to market Reese’s Chocolate products.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The tactic for promoting Reese’s Chocolate brands emerges from the notion that products are consumer based. Thus, utilizing pull strategy best fits promoting the company’s products (Mercer, 1996). This is tenable because Reese’s Chocolate creates purchasers demand for its diverse products together with brands. This strategy enables Reese’s Chocolate to gratify the shopper’s needs at their outlets. Regularly, Reese’s Chocolate brand and products gain market penetration because of the created purchaser demand. This emanates from the view that consumers tend to indicate their interest for the products. This materializes because of the superiority of Reese ’s Chocolate brands of snacks in diverse marketplaces. Promotional Tools and Forms These entail the tactics, which gain use, in promoting Reese’s Chocolate products to the targeted customers. The tools help implement diverse promotional strategies designed to enable the wider market penetration for the company products. Advertising will gain use as a promotional tool for Reese’s Chocolate products, which are consumer goods. This strategy emerges as a potent and fashionable device in contemporary marketing. The tactic potentially enables prospective consumers to purchase the advertised brands. Furthermore, the timing of these advertisements plays a huge role in attaining attractive outcomes. The reasons for utilizing this strategy emanate from the notion that significant proportions of buyers purchase the product for personal use. Again, the Reese’s Chocolate products tend to enjoy wider marketplaces thus necessitating promotional tool, which avails covera ge of similar magnitude. Furthermore, the buying criteria and source of purchasing for Reese’s Chocolate products reflect the universality of brand image together with location of outlets. This call for employing advertising tactic that tends to penetrate the customer base. Notably, advertising also materialize as a tool for establishing customer demand for Reese’s Chocolate products. Implementing advertising in the marketing mix requires the use of diverse forms of promotions. Social media gains use in advertising company products to online users. This internet based tactic enable the wider penetration of information concerning Reese’s Chocolate products.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Integrated Marketing Communications Mix for Renee’s Chocolate specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The advantage of social media emanates from its user base that enables broad reach of promotiona l messages. Advertising is evident using billboards containing information by Reese Company put at strategic places in streets. This allows for imagery effect on consumers. Further, utilizing television to convey messages of this company also allow for visual appeal to consumers. In advancing Reese’s Chocolate brands, sales promotion succeeds in attaining superior results for the company marketing objectives. It incorporates all the devices plausible for a marketing mix. Sales promotion entails swaying communication aimed at reaching prospective purchasers for Reese’s Chocolate products. It becomes an additional endeavor to augment profits because it generates compassion to the chocolate brands. The tactic enhances brand awareness creation for Reese’s Chocolate products. This is a necessity in an attempt to escalate the company sales and customer base. Sales promotion choice as a promotional tool for advancing Reese’s Chocolate products emanate from its i nfluence in attaining attractive outcomes. Notably, utilizing this tactic through proper coordination and execution together with diverse IMC plans may generate lasting value for Reese’s Chocolate brands. Sales promotion will also boost the awareness of brands manufactured by Reese’s company. It has huge opportunities to entice customers into trying diverse company products. Further, sales promotions choice emanates from the need to avail channels, which enable Reese’s company to communication with customers. The tactic has significance in emphasizing advertisement premises and reacting to rivals promotion efforts. Most importantly sales promotion allows Reese’s Chocolate to attain short term and future based objectives of marketing. Sales promotion would focus on consumers interests thus encourage the use of promotional forms, which help attain this. Samples together with bonus packs appear effective way of enticing consumers to try novel brands of Reese Company. Their perception and level of satisfaction with the product enables future purchase. This tactic merges as important since it enables huge consumer response. Further, bonus packs would also help attain comparable results because clients tend to execute more purchases to gain more of the bonus packs. Promoting Reese’s products also employs Public Relations (PR), which entails utilizing reputation to gain understanding and sustain efforts of influencing views and conduct. It also entails planning and supporting efforts to create and sustain benevolence between Reese’s Chocolate and its customers. PR gains use in enabling Reese to evaluate people’s attitudes to ascertain their interest areas within the business and implement programs to earn public attention. These programs will augment people’s ability to identify with Reese’s Chocolate thus increasing its customer base. Furthermore, PR portrays the positive-brand name of a company enabling people to embrace the brands availed by the company.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the marketing mix, choice for PR originates from its capability to create knowledge and comprehension of Reese’s Chocolate products. This aspect of marketplace education emerges tenable when it compliments advertising in promoting the company’s products. Furthermore, PR entails all communications executed in the organization including those of promotional efforts. Thus, PR will enable Reese Company attain far better outcomes when critically implemented. PR also emerges as a crucial tool because it incorporates several components of an organization, which it conveys messages. This wider coverage of details availed to the public allows for more packed information which may critically influence customers opinions on Reese Company products. PR will escalate the benefits Reese Company will gain from the quality promotional outputs initiated. PR emerges as a broad and complete means because it reaches everybody and everything. In a marketing mix, PR utilizes press release s to implement diverse plans for attaining market leadership. Press release entails narrations about organizations. Reese Company would design news, which brands the company in the public eye. The importance of utilizing press releases emanates from the notion that customers embrace them due to their credibility. People also tend to read press releases more than even advertisements. Press releases are cheaper because the story developers form part of the workforce. Reese Company could also utilize sponsorships as a form of PR. This entails supporting and sponsoring events, people, or other organizations with keen interest to augment company publicity. Sponsoring sports competitions for Reese Chocolate Company would enhance its brand and people’s perception of its products. This tactic reasonably contains advantages because branding of the company will materialize through utilizing sports wears with the company name and trademark. Corporate advertising also enables the buildin g of Reese Company PR in the public’s eye. This aims to enhance the corporate image, which takes place through trade presses together with mass media. Corporate branding has advantages in influencing people perception of the company brand name. Message Strategy The three facets of promotion used by Reese Company belong to the group of mass communication instruments. The aim of three tools used is to influence the market on the benefits of using products from Reese Company. The messages aim at getting the market’s awareness and interest about the products that Reese is selling. The initial phase in advertising is to identify the goals of our advertising within the limitation of given time. The goals are categorized depending on the main goals of the advertisement. These goals are to inform, influence or to tell the market about the products. The costs incurred in the process of this promotion method are estimated to prepare the budget. This estimation considers each pro duce that Reese Company is producing. New products require more finances to create knowledge in the market and encourage trial. Those products that are older in the market require lesser budgets and market share influences the extent of advertising needed. Adverting strategy embraces two key aspects: developing the messages and choosing the media to utilize in the advertisement. Cautious consideration on message is engendering, appraisal, and implementation, not forgetting the factor of social responsibility appears imperative. Reese Company will design the message to influence the marked audience. These messages are pertinent to create meaning, to make the customers believe on the quality of the products and to capture the sight of the customers. In deciding the media to apply, the company considers the reach, the frequency, and the media influence that the selected media will create. Resolving of the timing involves choosing the pattern to follow throughout the period of placing t he advert over the media. Subsequently it is significant to mull over the geographical extent that the media covers to check on the effectiveness of coverage. Sales promotions are the events intended at escalating the transactions Reese company. These majorly encompass gifts, short-term price reductions, exhibiting among others. This primarily involves actions together with conveying the messages that are associated with the products. Sales promotions aim at the final consumer and the distribution route. The methods that Reese Company intends to employ are price promotions, coupons, and availing gifts to customers after they have made purchases, incentives to loyal customers, exhibition at the sale points, competitions and cash refunds at the sale points. Reese Company shall discharge press messages regularly to publicize necessary information to the market to draw attention of the customers about the products. This is with the aim of stabilizing good associations between the compan y and the market. Through lobbying, the company shall maintain working associations with stakeholders and others in the business community. Moreover, media enable extra efforts to improve relations with nonprofit entities to attain their support for the products. Therefore, the company will utilize Public relations to establish amenable relationships with the clients, financier, media, and their general coverage area. This is because it has a sturdy effect on public understanding on the products compared to advertising. Public relations are a noteworthy tool in creating a product name of our company (Mercer, 1996). Conclusion It is not possible to achieve successful market if only one promotional tool is used. This underscores the worth of the promotional mix. Moreover, the message approach and the implementation methods used in the integrated promotion contribute greatly to the success of a company during promotion. The success of Reese Company is dependent on its ability to deciph er and utilize the promotional strategies. Reference Mercer, D. (1996). Marketing. New Jersey, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell This research paper on Integrated Marketing Communications Mix for Renee’s Chocolate was written and submitted by user Aron T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Chemistry of Changing the Color of Egg Yolk

The Chemistry of Changing the Color of Egg Yolk Chickens and other poultry naturally produce eggs with pale yellow to orange yolks, largely depending on their diet. You can change the color of an egg yolk by changing what the chicken eats or by injecting a fat-soluble dye into an egg yolk. Egg Color and Nutrition Eggshell and yolk color are unrelated to the nutritional content or flavor of an egg. The shell color naturally ranges from white to brown depending on the breed of chicken. Yolk color depends on the diet fed to the hens. The shell thickness, cooking quality, and value of an egg is not affected by its color.​ Can I Dye Egg Yolks? The short answer is yes, you can dye them. However, because egg yolks contain lipids, you need to use a fat-soluble dye. Ordinary food colors can be used to change egg white color, but wont spread throughout an egg yolk. You can find oil-based food dyes at Amazon and at cooking stores. Simply inject the dye into the yolk and allow time for the color to permeate the yolk. Changing Yolk Color at the Source If you raise chickens, you can change the color of the yolks of the eggs they produce by controlling their diet. Specifically, you control the carotenoids  or xanthophylls they eat. Carotenoids are pigment molecules found in plants, responsible for the orange of carrots, red of beets, yellow of marigolds, purple of cabbages,  etc. Certain commercial pigments are available as supplements added to feed to influence egg yolk colors, such as  BASFs   Lucantin(R) red and Lucantin(R) yellow. Natural foods also affect yolk color. Yellow, orange, red, and possibly purple may be obtained, but for blue and green you likely have to resort to synthetic dyes. Yolk Color Ingredient nearly colorless white cornmeal pale yolks wheat, barley medium yellow yolks yellow cornmeal, alfalfa meal deep yellow yolks marigold petals, kale, greens orange to red yolks carrots, tomatoes, red peppers Foods That Naturally Influence Egg Yolk Color    Hard Boiled Green Egg Yolks You can get grayish green egg yolks by hard boiling eggs. The discoloration results from a harmless chemical reaction in which hydrogen sulfide produced by sulfur and hydrogen in the egg whites reacts with iron in the yolks. Few people consider this an attractive food color, so you may wish to prevent this reaction by immediately chilling eggs with cold water after hard boiling them.

Five Spelling Rules for Silent Final E

Five Spelling Rules for Silent Final E Five Spelling Rules for Silent Final E Five Spelling Rules for Silent Final E By Maeve Maddox Many English words end in the letter e. In an earlier stage of the language, many of these final es were pronounced. Now, however, unless the word is a foreign borrowing, the final e is silent. Although final e is silent, it usually has a job to do. Here are the five rules for the use of silent final e. 1. Silent final e makes the vowel say its name. Compare the pronunciation of the following pairs of words: con cone cut cute mat mate In cone, the e makes the o say O. In cute, the e makes the u say U. In mate, the e makes the a say A. This first and most common kind of silent final e makes the letter say its name. 2. English words dont end in v or u. The e at the end of have and blue do not affect pronunciation. The e is there because the words would otherwise end in v or u. Impromptu is one of the few exceptions to this rule. 3. Silent E after the letters C and G soften their sounds. The letter C can represent the sounds of either /k/ as in cat or /s/ as in cent. The letter G can represent the sounds of either /g/ as in gum or /j/ as in gym. Silent final e after C and G indicates that the sounds are /s/ and /j/. Ex. lance and charge. Without the silent final e, these words would represent the pronunciations /lank/ and /charg/. 4. Every syllable must have a vowel. In words like candle, pickle, and people, the final syllable can be pronounced without a vowel, but in English, every syllable must have a vowel. (Would we really want to write pebbl or littl?) 5. Sometimes the silent final e has no purpose whatever. In words like are, and ore, the silent final e does not affect the pronunciation or provide a missing vowel, or keep a word from ending in v or u. This is the e that Mrs. Spalding (Romalda Spalding, The Writing Road to Reading) calls no-job e. Like Everest, its there. The word resumà © is often spelled in English with the French accent aigu to indicate the untypical pronunciation. The final e at the end of the Italian musical borrowing forte (loudly, powerfully) is pronounced like a long a: /for-tay/. Ex. This measure is marked forte. The final e at the end of the French borrowing forte (strength, strong point) is silent, although many speakers pronounce this word the same way they do the musical term. Ex. Cooking is not my forte. Industrious critics will point out exceptions that Ive failed to mention, but in most cases, the five rules apply and are useful to know. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Signs and Symbols You Should KnowHow to spell "in lieu of"Nominalized Verbs

Factors an Organization Needs To Consider When Developing a Global Assignment - 1

Factors an Organization Needs To Consider When Developing a Global Staffing Strategy - Assignment Example This paper illustrates that the global staffing strategy would incorporate the perspectives of the people as to how they view the entire working mechanism of the world and what the different nations bring to the fore with their respective working realms Hence creating and eventually developing a global staffing strategy is a Herculean task if seen within the proper scheme of things as it cultivates a sense of trust and empathy within the region where the headquarters are located. The expatriates working within the different nations of the world is an enticing opportunity for the staffing avenues that have shaped up with the passage of time. The global staffing strategy with regards to these expatriates gets its basis from the management hierarchies which are present within the organization itself. It is their decision to find out how the organization will have its own staff situated at the different locations worldwide, where it exists to satisfy the varied customers. What is interes ting to note here is the fact that these people who are recruited could either be from the locations where the office domains have been set up or recruited from the headquarters themselves. The need is to select and hire people who understand the dictum of the organization more than anything else, and this can only be done through an understanding which is based on the collective understanding of the global staffing strategy which has been in place now for some amount of time. If the right people get hired at the different locations where the business is run, this would mean that the entire organization would benefit as a result of the same. However, if this is not the case, then the global staffing strategy would implicate to a failure without a doubt, and this would mean that the recruiting issues have not been resolved in an amicable fashion. The role of the human resources management departments within the headquarters and the separate locations all around the world are signific antly more so because they perform tasks which could be easily replicated across the board if proper vision and a sense of purpose exist. If there is a lack of such visionary elements, then this would suggest for a lack of comprehension on the part of the global staffing strategy that has been adopted by the organization.

Why are many countries in Africa described as weak states Essay

Why are many countries in Africa described as weak states - Essay Example table political institutions; ensuring security for their populations from violent conflict and maintaining their territory; and meeting the basic human needs of their populations. State effectiveness in delivering on these four critical dimensions, is the main criterion for measurement. A state’s strength or weakness is a function of its effectivenes, responsiveness, and legitimacy across a range of government activities. Many countries in Africa are described as weak states. Sub-Saharan Africa is the region with the world’s highest concentration of weak and failed states. Weak states are defined as having a prevalence of structural inequality, which consist of economic differentiation, cultural or social inequality and political inequality (Atiku-Abubakar & Shaw-Taylor, 2003: 168). Weak states are unable or unwilling to provide essential public services which include supporting equitable and sustainable economic growth, legitimate governance, ensuring physical security and provision of basic services. To evaluate state capacity in each core area of state responsibility, policy makers and scholars resort to a host of adjectives: weak, fragile, failing, failed and even collapsed, to distinguish between countries suffering from a wide variety of capacity gaps (Rice & Patrick, 2008: 5). The degree of effectiveness of the delivery of the most crucial political goods distinguish strong states from weak ones, and weak ones from failed or collapsed ones. The hierarchy of political goods have security, especially human security at the apex, followed by the provision of law and order, free and open political participation, medical care, educational facilities, physical and social infrastructure, in that order (Rotberg, 2004: 4). State failure is a long-term and multidimensional process whereby state collapse is the distinctive endpoint of this process. The two dimensions to state failure are: the loss of legitimacy which is the gradual decline of the authority of

Wuthering Heights (comments) :: essays research papers

ESSAY ON WUTHERING HEIGHTS PLOT & STORY The plot is designed in three parts: Chapters 1-3, Introduction; Chapters 4 (Volume 1) to chapter16 (Volume 2), Nelly's report of the story; last four chapters, Hareton and Cathy's relationship. In general, The plot is dense and fast moving. The first three chapters take place in 1801, when Mr. Lockwood meet Heathcliff (his landlord) in Wuthering Heights. There, he also meets Hareton Earnshaw, Cathy Linton, Joseph and Zillah. The strange behaviour of the inhabitants and his nightmare, make him feel curiosity about them. Back in Thrushcross Grange, he asks his servant, Nelly, to tell the story of Heathcliff's life. From chapter 4 (Vol.1) to chapter 17 (Vol.2), Nelly narrates the story of the first generation – Catherine Earnshaw, her brother Hindley and her sister-in-law Isabella – This story ends in chapter 3 (Vol.2), when Heathcliff becomes the owner of Wuthering Heights. Then, Nelly continues the story talking about the second generation – Cathy Linton, Linton Heathcliff and Hareton Earnshaw – Heathcliff, Edgar Linton, Nelly and Joseph are present in both generations. Afterwards, Mr. Lockwood leaves the place after a visit to Wuthering Heights where he observes the growing love between Cathy and Hareton (chapter17, Vol.2). Lockwood comes back some months later and Nelly tells him the end of the story, which is also the end of Heathcliff, and the future wedding of Hareton and Cathy. CHARACTERS Heathcliff Mr. Earnshaw found him in Liverpool and he took him to Wuthering Heights. His origins are unknown and this gives him an air of mystery. As a child, the first impressions we get of him are through Nelly's words; for her, he is 'a dirty, ragged, black-haired child';, 'as dark almost as if it came from the devil'; (chapter 4,vol.1). But, as an adult, Mr. Lockwood describes him as 'a dark-skinned gypsy in aspect, in dress and manners a gentleman';(chapter1, vol.1) and he also tell us that 'he had an erect and handsome figure'; (chapter 1,vol.1). Those descriptions are contradictory but it is due to the author ambiguous treatment of Heathcliff; we are sympathetic to him and horrified by him. This also makes the character complex and lifelike. As a complex character, it is difficult to describe him completely but we can say he is a man of action, closely related to nature (to the moors and the atmosphere of Wuthering Heights), and with very powerful feelings. He would represent passion beyond the social, the ordinary. Wuthering Heights (comments) :: essays research papers ESSAY ON WUTHERING HEIGHTS PLOT & STORY The plot is designed in three parts: Chapters 1-3, Introduction; Chapters 4 (Volume 1) to chapter16 (Volume 2), Nelly's report of the story; last four chapters, Hareton and Cathy's relationship. In general, The plot is dense and fast moving. The first three chapters take place in 1801, when Mr. Lockwood meet Heathcliff (his landlord) in Wuthering Heights. There, he also meets Hareton Earnshaw, Cathy Linton, Joseph and Zillah. The strange behaviour of the inhabitants and his nightmare, make him feel curiosity about them. Back in Thrushcross Grange, he asks his servant, Nelly, to tell the story of Heathcliff's life. From chapter 4 (Vol.1) to chapter 17 (Vol.2), Nelly narrates the story of the first generation – Catherine Earnshaw, her brother Hindley and her sister-in-law Isabella – This story ends in chapter 3 (Vol.2), when Heathcliff becomes the owner of Wuthering Heights. Then, Nelly continues the story talking about the second generation – Cathy Linton, Linton Heathcliff and Hareton Earnshaw – Heathcliff, Edgar Linton, Nelly and Joseph are present in both generations. Afterwards, Mr. Lockwood leaves the place after a visit to Wuthering Heights where he observes the growing love between Cathy and Hareton (chapter17, Vol.2). Lockwood comes back some months later and Nelly tells him the end of the story, which is also the end of Heathcliff, and the future wedding of Hareton and Cathy. CHARACTERS Heathcliff Mr. Earnshaw found him in Liverpool and he took him to Wuthering Heights. His origins are unknown and this gives him an air of mystery. As a child, the first impressions we get of him are through Nelly's words; for her, he is 'a dirty, ragged, black-haired child';, 'as dark almost as if it came from the devil'; (chapter 4,vol.1). But, as an adult, Mr. Lockwood describes him as 'a dark-skinned gypsy in aspect, in dress and manners a gentleman';(chapter1, vol.1) and he also tell us that 'he had an erect and handsome figure'; (chapter 1,vol.1). Those descriptions are contradictory but it is due to the author ambiguous treatment of Heathcliff; we are sympathetic to him and horrified by him. This also makes the character complex and lifelike. As a complex character, it is difficult to describe him completely but we can say he is a man of action, closely related to nature (to the moors and the atmosphere of Wuthering Heights), and with very powerful feelings. He would represent passion beyond the social, the ordinary.

Social Life of Small Urban Space

It has been approved that people like to get involved in social life. They are interested of being a part of the universal. The study of Whyte agrees with that. Observing what other people are doing is a valuable tool used by the majority of people to understand the behavior of others. Public plaza is a good example to practice that so when isolating people and not allowing them to observe, the public place will not have any meaning. Forcing people to sit in certain way without any connection with other activity is boring so people try to avoid it (Almansoour). The direct area in front of a building should always communicate with the buildings form, entryways and design style. A building that lacks communication with the street level will be perceived of as cold and uninviting (Perry). The study of deferent plazas in New Yurok city by Whyte shows that people tend to sit whenever there is a place to sit. If a plaza is close to the street or in front of public place such as the library it becomes more occupied then others. The study indicates that observation is an important key when design a plaza(Almansoour). The amount of sitting area as well as width of sitting area should be adjusted based on context that urban part is in (Hirose). Also, it has become necessary to characterize open spaces in areas that have more density. As long as the open space is planned in the right place within its area it can provide such a positive effect to those people who use them (Alotaibi). Variety of factors would effects whole operation of designing sitting area such as occupants’ moral, culture, life style, physical size, and combination of above. Urban spaces are mixed areas of characteristic yet they have some distinguished characteristics from other spaces, therefore I agree with flexible zoning ordinances on designing sitting area in urban park (Hirose). Regulation is uncomfortable, but it may provide a more uniform approach to design. Why shouldn’t every building have plentiful and inviting exterior sitting spaces? But what would that regulation look like. The author’s data seems a bit confused. Analyzing light, square area, and open spaces did not seem to direct any relative findings. Even their data on amount of seating did not perform as the authors would have us believe. Plazas with large amount of seating were still often underused (Perry). Finally, the difference between good plaza design and poor plaza design is a combination of personal experience and trial and error. A designer may have good intentions, but if everything is to not look the same a designer has to be given the opportunity to experiment (Perry).